Sources

Census records (for selected locations)

Censuses let us see the whole house at a glance — grandparents, parents, children, servants, lodgers. For some localities in Galicia, the Prussian partition, and interwar Poland, detailed household schedules survive; for others only aggregate counts.

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A large bound census ledger open to a page listing household members, ages, occupations, and religions.
A 19th-century Austrian census ledger.